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This beautiful hatpin cushion is Iroquois work from the mid-19th century. Souvenirs of Niagara Falls, these small beaded cushions were made by Indian women and sold to white tourists visiting the falls.
The wood, bone and shell beads used by the Indians to adorn clothing and accessories were gradually replaced by glass beads brought over from Italy by the Europeans, who began using them extensively in the 19th century. The first glass beads were either too expensive or unsuitable for Indian work, but beads more suited to local crafts appeared: these were the pony beads, named after the "Pony Express" that delivered them. Then smaller beads appeared, called seed beads, which replaced the pony beads. They now adorn souvenirs sold by Indians, as well as clothes and moccasins, and everyday objects.
The cushion bears a handwritten label on the back, which reads: "Embroidery by Canadian Indians. Niagara Falls. May 18, 1858" signed "Linda". Numerous illustrations of this work can be found in prestigious American museums, including the Metropolitan in New York and the Smithsonian in Washington.
One or two small defects on the velvet.
Ref: W1PCKJOATG